The Responsibilities Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs )

One of the main objectives of any business organization includes making profits and enhancing the economic growth (Davis, 2012). Most businesses aim at discharging their economic and legal responsibilities. It is because for a business to continue as going concern, the business have to obey the law and be profitable. However, being ethically and philanthropically responsible can also affect the businesses apart from economic and legal factors. The responsibilities of multinational corporations (MNCs), instead of small or medium size corporations, will be the main focus of this paper. It is assumed that the MNCs currently have no difficulties in discharging their economic and legal responsibilities. Thus, the MNCs are in a better position to take a step further to discharge other responsibilities like ethical and philanthropic, while those small size businesses may still struggling in meeting the economic and legal responsibilities. As Heal (2004) suggests that MNCs are in a good position to minimize the difference between private and social cost. He argues that MNCs can distribute wealth from well-developed countries to poor-developed countries by paying reasonable wages to workers in poor countries. Also, MNCs have more resources than small businesses. So, MNCs can reduce or compensate for their environmental impacts without affecting their abilities to discharge their economic responsibilities. Therefore, this paper seek s to provide a critical evaluation on whether modernShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)1617 Words   |  7 PagesMultinational companies like Caltex have a moral obligation to improve the living conditions of the citizens who live and work in those countries. Their role cannot be limited to increasing shareholder value, while perpetuating and fortifying political regimes that persecute and discriminate a group, or groups of their citizenry. I liken this to reforestation, and the responsibility that governments and corporations have to our planet. A corporation cannot simply make a profit and deplete naturalRead MoreThe Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Global Politics1352 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy.† The past century has shown us the atrocious influence of military power on global politics, but now for many states, the sense of fear is derived from economic power. Through increased globalization and interdependence of tra de, multinational corporations (MNC) impact on global politics has undoubtedly strengthened. In the peripheral world, poverty is still prevalent. It not exclusive to the fact that they don’t have the resources to pull themselves out of it, but because of the continuedRead MoreWhat Are the Sources and Limits of Mnc Power1627 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the sources and limits of MNC power? Multinational Corporations in a Global Economy IR 120 - 201136597 - Catharina Knobloch 1. Introduction As MNCs are getting increasingly important as actors in political bargaining, the purpose of this essay is to provide a (more or less) detailed overview over the sources and limits of the power of multinational corporations (MNCs). In the first section, I am going to lead into this topic by giving some definitions. In addition to that, I amRead MoreMultinational Corporations1110 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Dilemmas for Multinational Enterprise: A Philosophical Overview Part One: Review Question #1 Multinational Corporations have always been and are currently now under harsh criticism. They are mainly condemned for exploiting resources and workers of third world countries, taking jobs away from the US industry, and destroying local cultures. Although there are negatives of multinational corporations, there are also positives. Business done overseas provides jobs for the people of theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And The Employee Stakeholder1160 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Realism or idealism? Corporate social responsibility and the employee stakeholder in the global fast-food industry† is an academic article written by Tony Royle and published in January 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Royle is an internationally recognized professor of International and Comparative Employment Relations with expertise in the area of low-paid service sector employment in multinational corporations (www.bradford.ac.uk). The publisher is a trusted global provider of content -enabledRead MoreRole Of Mncs As A Political Actor1225 Words   |  5 Pageseconomies in the world, 51 are now global corporations, only 49 are countries1.† Furthermore, the united nations’ body estimates that multinationals account for one quarter of the worlds GDP1. While one may not accept GDP as a measure of a nation’s power, it is a prime determinant of its capabilities and limitations as a political actor. The same can be said for MNCs, which have been on the rise since World War II. This discussion focuses on the role of MNCs as a political actor within, between andRead MoreWhy Multinational Corporations Are Beneficial For Developing Countries1530 Words   |  7 PagesIdentify the positive and negative impacts of multinational companies on less developed countries. The appearance of multinational corporations as a global power and the implications of setting up them in less developed countries was strongly supported by the new rules of world which called economic liberalism and globalization. They became a national phenomenon a post-world war II and widespread when the United States enacted the structure of world regulation for political, economic and militaryRead MoreThe Theory And The Maximisation Of Economic Efficiency1595 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship. Although the nature of multinational corporations (MNCs) as capitalist enterprises makes them a force for progress in terms of maximizing economic efficiency, that same nature is problematic when considering a wider understanding of progress. MNCs’ potential to be a force for progress ultimately depends on the country and industry that is concerned, but it is important to understand – excluding any normative considerations of moral responsibility – that MNCs ar e businesses, and thus seek profitRead MoreMultinational Corporations Vs. Mncs1417 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Recent advances in information technology, deregulation, and market liberalization worldwide have resulted in the growth of Multinational Corporations. Multinational Corporations or MNCs are growing both in scale and complexity. Today, a MNC can be present in multiple countries, dealing in multiple markets with different currencies, speaking different languages, and adopting to different cultures as they spread their wings across the world. But with growth, they also have to deal withRead MoreAn Understanding Of Corporate Social Responsibility1343 Words   |  6 Pagesis to establish an understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Sustainability, Ethics and their applied application by a multinational corporation (MNC) like Walmart. This report is based on the case study ‘Walmart: Love, Earth ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which identifies key points which are the criticism faced by the multinational corporation (MNC), business practices that are/were unethical and which ethical theor ies did/ do they violate and why do MNCs like Walmart address their social and environmental impacts

Bill Melinda Gates Case Study Essay - 807 Words

The Bill Melinda Gates Foundation is a foundation that supports other organizations who share its guiding belief that every life has equal value. Located in Seattle, Washington, the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation have an asset trust endowment of 36.2 billion dollars as of September 30, 2012. It supports grantees in all 50 states and 100 countries internationally in areas of global development, global health, United States program, and a smaller charitable support initiative sector. Bill Gates, Melinda Gates, and Warren Buffett give direction to CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chairmen William H. Gates Sr. regarding grant allocation and investments. (Gates Foundation) After reading the Gates Foundation website and the wealth information on†¦show more content†¦McClelland would say that the major need driving Bill and Melinda Gates to work so hard would be their search for power. Bill and Melinda Gates want to be recognized as pioneers doing good work in impoverished countries. Their good intentions give them a means of influencing similar organizations. Clearly with this information in mind Bill and Melinda Gates have a leader motive profile because their acts of philanthropy influence others to follow in their foot steps. Bill and Melinda Gates both have positive attitudes about themselves. They see themselves as philanthropists trying to do the right thing for the world and assist under privileged countries and areas of the United States in creating equality for everyone. This confidence contributes greatly to their success as leaders because confidence is contagious. If they exude confidence then the people they affiliate themselves with will feel that same confidence in their work. In my opinion Bill Gates is ethical in his business at Microsoft. He runs a successful corporation that makes a good profit and uses some of that profit and contributes to charitable organizations. The Microsoft Corporation is socially responsible and a profitable fortune 500 company. Bill Gates hast a postconventional level of moral development in that he motivated by universal principles of right and wrong. He balances his concerns for himself and his company withShow MoreRelatedCase Study Bill and Melinda Gates Leadership2126 Words   |  9 PagesCase summary 1. What do you think Bill and Melinda Gate’s personality traits are for each of the Big Five dimensions? Compare the two. Big Five Dimensions * Surgency: leadership amp; extraversion traits * Agreeableness: traits related to getting along with people * Adjustment: traits related to emotional stability * Conscientiousness: traits related to achievement * Openness to experience: being willing to change and try new things Comparing (Xem cà ¡i bá º £ng trong slide) Read MoreCase Study Bill and Melinda Gates Leadership2118 Words   |  9 PagesCase summary 1. What do you think Bill and Melinda Gate’s personality traits are for each of the Big Five dimensions? Compare the two. Big Five Dimensions * Surgency: leadership amp; extraversion traits * Agreeableness: traits related to getting along with people * Adjustment: traits related to emotional stability * Conscientiousness: traits related to achievement * Openness to experience: being willing to change and try new things Comparing (Xem cà ¡i bá º £ng trong slide) *Read MoreCase Study of Bill Gates1348 Words   |  6 PagesMGMT 368 CASE ANALYSIS EXAMPLE C THE CASE OF BILL GATES MGMT 368B BUSINESS ETHICS PROBLEM ISSUE AND IDENTIFICATION WHAT ARE THE CENTRAL FACTS OF THE CASE? *William ‘Bill Gates III, Microsoft Corp Chairman, is the most wealthiest businessman there is (http://www.reviewjournal.com/1vrg_home/1997/Apr-02-Wed-1997/news/5134242.html). *Microsoft does not pay its workers as well as some competitors do; however, many workers get stock options. As a result, the worth of these stock optionsRead MoreBill Gates1350 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates William Henry Gates III, KBE, (born October 28, 1955), commonly known as Bill Gates, is the co-founder and current Chairman and Chief Software Architect of Microsoft. According to Forbes magazine in 2004, Gates is the wealthiest person in the world, a position he has held steadily for many years. Biography Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington to William H. Gates, Sr., a corporate lawyer, and Mary Maxwell Gates, board member of First Interstate Bank, Pacific Northwest BellRead MoreBill Gates s Role Of Leadership And Command1723 Words   |  7 PagesBill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 to William and Mary Gates. His father was a prominent attorney and his mother a former teacher and member of the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem. Bill had younger and an older sister, and there was always competition in their family. Bill had an extremely close relationship with his mother, and as a young child would often accompany her to civic meetings and school visits. The kids grew up in a competitive yet fun atmosphere, with a rewardRead MoreTaking a Look at Poliomyelitis1689 Words   |  7 Pages1998, over 99% of polio cases has decreased by the world health assembly, these was when global polio eradication initiative was introduced, these virus was endemic in 125 coun tries and about 350000 people were paralysed by polio annually primarily young children. Due to the immunization effort which has helped saving children from paralysis, polio has drastically reduced and it remains endemic only in Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. According to bill and Melinda gates foundation who are majorRead MoreWritten And Oral Communication Skills1223 Words   |  5 Pageswith, the potential or the aspiring candidate should uphold excellent research, writing and analytical skills. It is quite evident that the work of criminal justice officer involves unearthing hidden information to accrue evidence or a link to the case an officer is dealing with. This requires deluxe research skills that will enable the officer to acquire the information required. Similarly, the officer has to employ critical thinking and analytical skills when engaging in this research (Teller,Read More Corporate Charities The Right and Wrong Ways for Big Business to Give Back to the Community4190 Words   |  17 Pagesdo are not charitable out of the goodness of their heart but do it purely to make themselves look better in the eyes of the public. In this paper I seek to demonstrate a spectrum of corporate charities. Through four case studies â €“ namely, Wal-Mart, Cisco Systems, Bill and Melinda Gates, and Ted Turner – I show what four companies/company founders have done in the realm on philanthropy and attempt to distinguish between those that do what they do only to hike up their public image between those whoseRead MorePfizer And Developing Country Access For Essential Medicines2117 Words   |  9 PagesPart A: GlaxoSmithKline and developing country access to essential medicines The case study emphasized the spread of the HIV/AID s virus especially in the Least developed countries (LDC s) where it was not possible for the poor people to be able to afford the expensive drugs used to cure the disease. The pharmaceutical companies were consistently pressurized to take a solution out of this to provide the medicines to the victims. Survey reports indicated that many deaths were happening and manyRead MoreThe Prevention Of Cervical Cancer Essay1835 Words   |  8 Pages15-year US-funded clinical trial has triggered a raging debate about its ethicality. The trial was for a cervical cancer screening method and the women who died were part of a control group kept without screening to study death rates in unscreened populations. [1] Two large US funded studies are being investigated on the above by the US Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP) for ethical violations. Three separate randomized controlled trials for cervical screening have been conducted among Indian

Art Review of Artist Cai Guo-Qiang free essay sample

I chose to do my art review on the artist Cai Guo-Qiang, who is a Chinese artist who does most of his art in the form of explosions and large scale projects such as this one, which bring attention to problems in society dealing with violence and terrorism. In his piece titled Inopportune: Stage 1, Guo-Qiang displays 9 identical cars, which are tumbling through the air in different positions, with large lights sticking out, resembling that the car is exploding only to conclude with the car being in tact and in perfect condition following the fall. He makes these works of art in an attempt to resemble a car bomb, which occurs all over the world daily. This piece shows the entire process the vehicle would go through during a bombing, yet brings it into one piece, showing as the artist called it, a â€Å"dream† of a car bomb due to the fact that it never really takes place. We will write a custom essay sample on Art Review of Artist Cai Guo-Qiang or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guo-Qiang created this to show the process behind a horrific event such as this. He uses the lights to symbolize flame and explosion which brings out the power behind the piece. While he doesn’t condone these bombings he wants the world to see what they are like and in turn bring attention to these problems occurring in our world today. This artwork makes people question things occurring such as this and can give people a better insight on what is happening and what can be done to help put an end to these problems, as Guo-Qiang does with many of his other works of art.

The Puritan Revolution Of 17th-century In America Endorsed An Intimate

The Puritan Revolution of 17th-century in America endorsed an intimate classification of women with domestic life that achieve a wide acceptance throughout the 18th century. Women were thus locked in the "created" domestic sphere while men were busy in the political sphere. However, Anne Hutchinson was a religious dissenter and she challenged the Puritan principle of conformity with religious laws was a symbol of godliness and that the Bible as the sole source of those laws. Nevertheless, Hester was a feminist and she challenged the Puritan belief of women belonging in the "cult of domesticity." Up to this time, Puritan women were very restricted to life at home and therefore judged as inferior to men. For example, in my research I found that women were sent to the colonies as "prospective wives" for the settlers and the women lived in homes with married couples where they would receive suitors if they chose (source 1, 24). This exhibits how women did not come to America for the same reason as men did because the men came here for religious, economical reasons, or more. Nevertheless, women were immigrating to America to be the wives of the settlers; this demonstrates that women were expected to live in the household for the rest of their lives. In addition, in The Scarlet Letter, as Hester is standing on the scaffold in the beginning of the book, "a judge, a general, and the minister of the town; all of whom sat or stood in a balcony of the meeting house, looking down upon the platform of the spectacle without risking the majesty or reverence of rank and office...(55)" This shows how men are looking down at Hester implying that she is inferior. The reason they stand on a balcony is to protect their "majesty or reverence of rank and office" since they think their reputation will be ruined if they are at the same level as women. Hence, women were separated into a different realm from men and they were "known" to be lower than men are. The strict standards of Puritan life were attacked by early feminists who were once Puritan. For instance, Anne Hutchinson believed that people under a "covenant of grace" could commune directly with God. This was an outrage for the Puritans because if people can talk to God directly then there would be no need for religion. Puritanism would fall apart because no one would go to church anymore. Furthermore in the scarlet letter, Hester believed that a time will come when "a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness." This depicts that Hester was a feminist throughout the book and realized that women can be independent. Hester states that she imagined herself to be a prophetess because she had been stained with sin but now she is pure and a "new grave" was built. Therefore, the Puritan religion was giving away to the forces of early feminists. The Puritan woman's place in society was in the household. This ideology set the standard for many years. Nevertheless, women such as Hester in the Scarlet Letter and Anne Hutchinson broke free from the "domestic sphere." Bibliography Sources 1. Lukes, Bonnie L. Colonial America: World History Series. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2000. 2. Dudley, William, ed. Puritanism: Opposing viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1994. 3. Zeichner, Oscar. "Hutchinson, Anne." Grolier Encyclopedia. International ed. 1999.

Ideal Society by Plato

Researchers traditionally define society as a group of people who interact with each other basing on the common culture, morality, and economy. To become the society, a group of people should function as an organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ideal Society by Plato specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, to create an ideal society, it is necessary to change the principles of organization and to propose new patterns according to which people should interact with each other as the complex organism. The concept of the ideal society is discussed in the works by many philosophers. It is important to pay attention to the conception presented by Plato in his work The Republic on the issue of the ideal society. Thus, Plato discusses social classes and forms of governance to provide the model of the ideal society. To propose one more model of the ideal society, it is necessary to refer to the classical Plato’s vision. Nevertheless, the concept of the ideal society is rather utopian because of impossibility to create this society in reality. Although the notion of ideal society is a controversial question with the elements of utopia, there are specific features and components which combination can contribute to constructing the model of the perfect society with references to the personal vision of an ideal. Society as a collective consists of individuals whose human nature makes them compete and fight for the better resources. Nevertheless, people can be discussed as good and sympathetic while living in the community if their interests are met. Thus, people become aggressive if they are afraid of losing their resources, property, or advantageous living conditions. As a result, to build the community where relations are based on the positive side of the human nature, it is necessary to create the specific conditions to respond to the interests and expectations of th e majority (Ede and Cormack). The task of the social leaders is to orient to interests of the majority in order to avoid the opposition of the public which can lead to revealing the negative qualities of people living in society. Referring to the mentioned task, it is possible to formulate the purpose of the ideal society. Society can be discussed as a strong organization where all the components of the society cooperate with each other for the common good. In its turn, the effective cooperation of the society’s members depends on the particular features of organization. From this point, the society should be organized in a specific way to provide the social support and assistance for all the members.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The purpose of the society is to protect individuals with the help of organizing them in a group where people can freely and effectively interact with each other. Thus, the society is created to help people satisfy and complete their needs (Osborne). The fulfillment of people’s interests should become the main purpose of any society because society as an institution is only the organization of individuals which interests are important for the further successful development of the whole group. The principles of satisfying the people’s needs and interests within the ideal society are correlated with the concept of justice according to which this society should function. According to Plato, the idea of justice is closely associated with the personality of the leader ruling the society. Plato states that philosophers should become social rulers because only these people can guarantee the rule of justice within the group of people organized as society. Moreover, justice should be represented in just laws which are followed by all the society’s representatives without opposition because of the rulerâ⠂¬â„¢s significant authority. Plato continues that philosophers should be chosen as the rulers of society because they create just laws not to accentuate their power, but to contribute to the social good (Plato). However, just laws are developed to control the actions of the public. The just and rational control is necessary for the society in order to prevent the social degeneration and the further focus on chaos. From this perspective, justice plays an important role in society. Society in which just laws are used and just leaders rule contributes to creating the common good. It is important to note that in spite of the concentration of modern public on the ideas of individualism and freedom of choice, people cannot live without social interactions and their communication is directed toward creating the good for a personality without doing any harm in relation to the other members of society. This positive pattern of communication within the society is possible with references to the ideal society. Referring to the real societies and to the elements of their functioning, it is necessary to note that people can achieve the welfare only while acting within the society as the part of it because of sharing the common economic infrastructure and participating in the same social institutions (Brym and Lie). From this point, the society develops to produce the common good for all the members. The question of a governmental system used in the perfect society is one of the most controversial ones in relation to the idea of constructing the society focusing on the interests of the majority. The governmental system is significant for the society in order to provide the necessary control. It is possible to refer to the responsibility of an individual and to the democratic form of government as the best choices for the society when all the associated legal laws, social rules, and principles are clearly stated.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ideal Society by Plato specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People need limits in order to avoid chaos. That is why, just laws are important for all the forms of government, including democracy. Democracy is based on the ideals of freedom, equality, rights, and choice (Appelrouth). All the mentioned concepts are appreciated by modern people because these ideas provide the context for the development of individualities. Nevertheless, Plato claims that much freedom guaranteed with references to the democratic principles can lead to chaos, people’s outrage, and social mess (Plato). From this perspective, the legal system should work for the society providing people with just laws. Appropriate social norms and rules should be developed with references to the principles of morality which is accepted in the definite society. These easy points can help prevent the democratic society from the decay. However, people are inclined to follo w laws correctly and avoid their violation when they are satisfied with the position within the society, including the social status and welfare. To improve the state of the public, the democratic government should implement the effective economic system. Today, people pay much attention to such concepts as equality and freedom (Levitas). These notions are also relevant to discuss the ideal economic system for society. Thus, capitalism guarantees the focus on people’s freedoms, and the principle of equality is discussed from the point of fair competition. Nevertheless, only laissez-faire capitalism can help people realize their freedoms and rights in the economic sphere fully because economy is not controlled by the government. That is why, this economic system is the most appropriate for contributing to the progress of the democratic society. The democratic society provides equal opportunities for all the people to achieve the necessary welfare (Ede and Cormack). Laissez-fai re capitalism limits the control of the government and focuses on people’s interests when they develop strategies to improve their business and achieve the economic success with references to their abilities and intentions. Focusing on the ideas presented earlier, it is necessary to note that individuals living in such societies should be characterized by the developed feelings of responsibility and respect for each other (Novacek). Such issues as racism, discrimination, and prejudice are inappropriate for the ideal society. That is why, the public should be well-educated. The accents should be made on the primary education when children learn the moral norms and principles and on the higher education when people choose their career path. It is important to note that moral training is effective when it is combined with education. Well-educated people are able to live in the society where the focus is made on following definite laws and norms strictly.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Equality should be realized in providing the equal educational opportunities (Osborne). Furthermore, morality and religion are connected spheres. People need moral limits to live in society according to the definite rules. From this point, the role of religion and morality in society is to control people without the impact of any external factors, but with the accents on the inner world and personal inclinations. Plato proposes the Allegory of the Cave in order to depict the reality from the point of ordinary people who are ‘prisoners’ within the society (Plato). The journey out of the cave is necessary for people as the representatives of the society in which the public concentrates on education, equality, and freedoms. To help people go out the ‘cave’, it is necessary to achieve the balance between the social control and role of individuality in community. The focus on democracy, laissez-faire capitalism, and individualism is possible when people are allo wed to leave their ‘caves’ and begin to participate in the life of their society as morally and socially responsible personalities. Family is the main social institution which is typical for traditional societies. The creation of family is the creation of a micro-society with the specific hierarchy and rules. Nowadays, people are inclined to interact within the larger groups and rely only on their own abilities. Family in its traditional form cannot be discussed as the effective way to organize the society (Appelrouth). The main accents should be made on socially responsible individuals who are flexible in their interactions. Society in which the majority of people can satisfy their needs and achieve the necessary welfare without violating the rights and freedoms of the other people can be discussed as ideal. This society is based on the principles of democracy, free will, and free choice. In this situation, rulers or social leaders are only reflectors of the publicâ₠¬â„¢s will. However, strict norms and laws which prohibit the illegal and immoral behaviors should regulate the life within the society without limiting the people’s basic rights and opportunities. Works Cited Appelrouth, Scott. Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory: Text and Readings. USA: Pine Forge Press, 2008. Print. Brym, Robert, and John Lie. Sociology: Your Compass for a New World. USA: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Ede, Andrew, and Lesley Cormack. A History of Science in Society: From Philosophy to Utility. USA: University of Toronto Press, 2004. Print. Levitas, Ruth. The Concept of Utopia. USA: Peter Lang, 2010. Print. Novacek, Pavel. â€Å"Human Values Compatible with Sustainable Development†. Journal of Human Values 19.1 (2013): 5-13. Print. Osborne, Roger. Civilization: A New History of the Western World. USA: Pegasus Books, 2006. Print. Plato. The Republic. USA: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print. This research paper on Ideal Society by Plato was written and submitted by user Miguel Schwartz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Extensive Manual on Classic English Literature Research Paper

Extensive Manual on Classic English Literature Research Paper When you’re writing an essay on literature, you use more the skills of a reader. Of course, there has to be some analysis present, deep enough to answer the main question. But that’s the farthest it goes. With the classic English literature research paper, reading skills play a secondary role while your critical and analytical thinking is the main instrument to prove the thesis statement. However, that’s not all. When you choose some literary work to focus on in a research paper, you study it inside and out – you know when it was created and in which circumstances; you explore who supports or opposes the ideas presented in the text; you participate in a discussion that can continue for years and do your best to contribute to it. And that’s the beauty of academic exploration, especially when you are really enthusiastic about getting to the heart of the matter. Here, in this article, you will find out how to write a classic English literature research paper properly and find all the information necessary for literature research paper writing. So, make yourself comfortable and enjoy! How to Conduct a Research for a Literature Paper The research is not all about typing your topic in the Google search bar and flicking through some articles that pop up in the first results. That looks more like choosing a new cafà © to go with your friends to or looking for a gym with affordable prices. If you wish to produce a profound academic paper, you need to prepare a significant base which usually depends on the quality of the initial research. And in order not to make a blunder from the first steps, search for information in the right places which are: MLA International Bibliography. This is an online extensive database with about 3 million works on language and literature. It is regularly updated by the scientist and researchers from all over the world to keep it spot-on. It can be accessed through either your university or library websites. JSTOR. This search engine has a smaller database on literature, but offers more intricate search options – in the MLA bibliography you can search only the titles while the JSTOR gives a chance to search the text. John Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory Criticism: This is actually a book that was published in 2004. But an online equivalent lets you search its content by keywords. Its peculiarities is that there are essays and works written by 275 literature scholars, and that’s already a solid reason to consult it. University Library: it is always a good idea to look through the resources of your college/university library. Firstly, there may be relevant academic papers written by the professors from your educational establishment, and if you use them in your research, you will certainly benefit from it. Secondly, there may be a dedicated department for your topic/field of studies. These sources will help you to spot high quality and reliable information without the need to go through hundreds of meaningless articles and waste the precious time. And it’s always best to use them all together because this way you’ll get a broad overview of the scope you deal with in your research. The next step after gathering all the links and books is to process the information. To get the most out of it, it is best to: Read through all the sources in search of relevant data. Mark arguments and statements that spark your interest or any other emotion. Note down everything that comes to your mind during reading – interesting passages, ideas, questions – literally everything, and don’t forget to indicate the places you quote or get your ideas from. Pay attention to conclusions as they contain the essence of every article or book. Define the terms that you don’t know or don’t understand as they can change your perception and the direction of thoughts. Perceive dead ends like challenges – it is quite common that you sift through the sources and find nothing (as it may seem to you). The truth is that you broaden your knowledge of the topic without noticing, and you should just keep researching. Keep these little tips in mind while surfing through the data you’ve gathered. 6 Tips on How to Develop a Working Thesis Statement for a Literature Research Paper A thesis statement is a final destination of your literature research paper. It takes only one sentence, but defines the whole course of your exploration, so it’s necessary to understand the importance of its correct formulation. It is usually included in the end of the introduction and mentioned as a keynote though the whole paper. So, in order to create a provable and valuable thesis statement, you might want to: Avoid summarizing. You should state a specific goal you want to achieve within your research without retelling the plot of a literary work in focus. Answer the questions â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Why?†. What kind of claim are you stating and why should the readers care about it? Make it controversial. Simple and obvious statements don’t need any proving, so make sure your sentence sparks some stirring. Find proofs in the text. Your main argument should be supported and reflected in the text. Otherwise, your supervisor might consider it pulled out from the hat and pointless. Refrain from using vague language. If you want to research the negative consequences consequences of Hamlet’s actions, write it in plain words without any filler text. Add your further course of actions (optional). You may also include how you are going to prove the thesis statement and which aspects you will cover. Despite the fact that this is only one sentence, you must allot a considerable amount of time to work it out. Every word in a thesis statement should be carefully chosen and considered, and the whole sentence should state a complete thought. The last, but not the least – don’t use phrases like â€Å"In my view† or â€Å"I think† in your thesis statement because it will make your words less persuasive and create an impression that you don’t have enough evidence to prove your point. So, be attentive about how you lay out your opinions. The Optimal Structure of an English Literature Research Paper With research papers of any kind it is necessary to remember that everything goes from generalization at the beginning, then to more specific points reaching its climax in the middle, and in conclusion again to more general things. The usual structure of a literature research paper includes: Abstract This part can be one hell of a task because you must squeeze the essence of your whole piece in just 200 words mentioning the main questions, research methods, goals, and discussion. It is essential to remember that the abstract is the first thing everybody will read, thus it will be a point of decision for a reader whether to continue or not. The importance of this part is immense, so you might want to dedicate enough of your time to refine it to perfection. Introduction This is also a significant part of a research paper and it can be regarded as an extended version of an abstract. Here you will need to explain in detail why you’ve decided to take up this kind of research (personal interest, unexplored leads, incorrect perception, etc.) and where it will head throughout the whole piece. Also, don’t forget to communicate a message that your research is really important to the chosen field of studies and provide decent reasons to prove it. The introduction that contains all this information will certainly create a positive impression. Method Do you use analysis or synthesis to research your topic? Have you conducted a survey? What other kinds of methods do you apply to explore the subject matter? All the answers to these questions and things concerning how your research is done should be included in this part. Results Here you need to lay out what you have discovered while proving your thesis statement. This can be figures, statistics, graphs, tables or just plain words that present your findings. It is not necessary to elaborate on them because you will need to do that in the discussion part. Discussion The discussion has to be connected with the thesis statement as well as the whole introduction because here you need to dwell upon not only the results of the research, but also on the aims you have achieved. This chapter must also include the importance of your findings and your own interpretations of the results. Conclusion The conclusion must discuss the connection between your findings and other researches as well as present the perspectives of the further studies. And besides restating your introduction, you can also suggest some improvements to your own research – that would be a good addition to a final chapter. Bibliography There is no paper out there that will be complete without the reference list. Gather all your sources, format your citations according to the chosen style and voila! The writing part is finished! This is an overview of a typical literature research paper structure. But, of course, there can be different variations. So, don’t hesitate to consult with your advisor/supervisor on which elements exactly you need to include and which you can omit. General Writing Guidelines to Improve Your Academic Style We would like to top up our extensive manual on literature research writing with some general writing tips that will be useful both for literary papers and other academic entries. So, here we go: Include opinions that disagree with you together with critical interpretations – they will make your paper more interesting as well as stronger because this will show that you are confident enough in your theory and aren’t afraid of opposing views. Constantly check with your plan/outline because you can easily wander off to the unnecessary direction; unplanned writings can distract you from the main point and waste some of your precious time. Write your introduction while writing the main part of the paper – it will help you to keep it updated and release you from the necessity to rewrite it over and over again. Don’t focus too much on mistakes and punctuation. It is better to dedicate a separate session during which all you attention will be focused on tracking errors and inconsistencies. Separate editing sessions taking into account their purpose. If you want to check grammar, spend an hour or two looking purely for grammar errors. If you wish to review the punctuation, allot time specifically for this matter. These classic English literature research paper writing tips, besides our detailed descriptions of the structure, research process and thesis statement, will make it possible to produce a complete and fully-featured research paper on literature. Just make sure that you spend enough time on each stage of writing – don’t postpone everything to the last month before the deadline because there won’t be any hours for planning and researching so essential to create a great academic piece. So, choose the topic that interests you, follow our guidelines and make all the necessary preparations. This way everything will go smoothly. Writing Hacks from Our Experts: Change the font of your research paper. After finishing the writing part you will get used to how your piece looks and may miss some mistakes just because your eyes will not notice them. But if you change the font, it will create an illusion as if you’re reading a paper written by someone else, and it will be easier to detect mistakes, especially the spelling ones. Always read the biography of the author who created the literary work you concentrate on and research the circumstances in which it was written. These details may help you understand the writer’s arguments better and your perception might change completely! Dedicate one paragraph to one point. Despite the obvious nature of this rule, most students forget about it and try to squeeze as much information in one paragraph as possible. So, be attentive here not to follow the steps of the majority.

International Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Logistics - Essay Example The grocery retail chain market in UK has become mature enough due to the presence of several potential organizations. The distribution strategy of Morrison is quite unique among the other retail players within the UK market. It is the only largest retail chain supermarket that owns and operates healthy and fresh food production and processing facilities. The organization has implemented vertical integrated distribution operation in the food category. This vertically integrated operation has helped Morrison to produce, distribute and retail enormous bulk of its fresh and unsullied meat and dairy requirements (Doole and Lowe, 2005, p.131). Moreover, this distribution structure helps the organization to process and package the fresh vegetables and fruits effectively. The organization has expanded and strengthens its manufacturing and distribution infrastructure in the fiscal year 2006 (Ruddick, 2013, p.1). In terms of manufacturing, Morison has expanded its in-house baking effectively and capacity by acquiring Rathbone’s 80% stake. The abattoir operation of Morrison was started to expand in the year 2005 by acquiring second facility in Scotland. The organization also has extended fruit processing and packing facility in Northamptonshire. Moreover, the organization has introduced a new warehouse in Rushden in order to package the vegetables. The organization has opened a fresh and new regional dedicated distribution centre at Kettering in the year 2005 (Furrer, 2010, p.233). It was estimated that this centre may save almost 70 nearby stores in UK. The global recession and European financial crisis in 2008 has affected international distribution and logistics structure of Morrison. Moreover several unfavourable reasons have resulted the fall in sales (plunkett, 2009, p.49). Despite of an extra trading date in the year 2011, the organization has reported 2.5pc sales drop. It is feasible that, the organization has implemented vertical integration strategy in t heir distribution channel (Mangan, Lalwani and Butcher, 2008, p.130). The major concern for Morrison is that, the sales figure has declined since the Christmas, whereas the other competitors, such as Sainsbury and Tesco have performed relatively well comparing to Morrison. According to Philips, limited numbers of convenience stores is affecting the business performance of Morrison. The organization has only 12 convenience stores. On the other hand, the other large competitors of Morrison have strong presence in the UK grocery retail market with numerous existing convenience stores. It is indicating that, the organization has limited access to growing division of the international grocery retail market. It is expected that, the organization may face several difficulties if they try to introduce new convenience stores in near future. According to Morrison, selling the grocery food products and vegetables through convenience store will be costly comparing to the selling food products i n traditional supermarket. Therefore, it is feasible that, the limited number of convenience store is hurting the sales of the organization. On the other hand it is affecting less to the business profit margins of Morrison. Moreover, the shareholders of Morrison are backing this particular old traditional sales strategy. The declined Christmas sales figure may create huge threat for the future perspective of Morrison. The organization is still utilizing supermarket chain model in order to sell their products. It is discussed earlier that, this